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Dementia care is a chronic stressor severely influencing on physical and mental health and social life of family caregivers.In the research field of dementia care,the studies are inadequate regarding to the influence of caregiving stress on physical and mental health,especially on the risk of suffering from common chronic disease of family caregivers.So far,the studies are mainly based on hypotheses associated with chronic stress-induced three perspectives,i.e.,excessive activation of sympathetic nervous system,endothelial injury,and excessive activation of pro-inflammatory and procoagulant factors.This paper summarizes the research progress from these three perspectives.
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To investigate cognitive dysfunction of type 2 diabetes patients accompanied with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [OSAS], and to analyze its relevant characteristics. Total 115 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into OSAS group [O group, n=83] and non-OSAS group [N group, n=32]; Physical examination patients [C1 group, n=64] and OSAS patients without diabetes [C2 group, n=47] served as the control group. Apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], nocturnal lowest saturation of pulse oxygen [LSPO2] and simple mental state examination scale [MMSE] were evaluated. Among diabetes patients, patients with OSAS have lower glycated hemoglobin, platelet count, thrombocytocrit, MMSE score and lowest mean arterial oxygen than non-OSAS patients; cognitive dysfunction state and glycemic control of patients are related to their diabetic duration, and then along with increase of diabetic duration, glycemic control becomes poor, so that cognitive dysfunction becomes more and more obvious. Along with increased diabetic duration in type 2 diabetes accompanied with OSAS, glycemic control becomes poor, so that cognitive dysfunction more easily occurs. Meanwhile, coagulation function of blood system in OSAS patients with diabetes is impacted to some extent
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Humans , Male , Female , Cognition Disorders , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Glycated Hemoglobin , Platelet CountABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy,adverse effect and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events by comparative study on simvastatin combined with ezetimibe on therapy of lowing blood lipids in metabolic syndrome patients.Methods One hundred and twenty metabolic syndrome patients were divided into experiment group (n=60) and control group (n=60).The experiment group was treated with 20 mg of simvastatin associated 10 mg of ezetimibe daily.The control group was treated with conventional-dose 20 mg of simvastatin.The period of treatment was 4 years in both groups.The efficacy,adverse effect and the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were observed and analyzed.Results Blood lipid were significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment.There was significant difference on total cholesterol ( TC ) [ ( 3.05±1.17 ) mmol/L vs (4.94 ± 1.13 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ],low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLC) [ (2.12±1.03) mmol/L vs (3.16 ± 1.11 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05] and triglyceride(TC) (1.02±0.29) mmol/Lvs (1.65 ± 0.32)mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ) between experiment group and control group.There were 3 cases of cardiovascular events in experiment group and 10 cases in control group,5 cases of cerebrovascular events in experiment group and 13 cases in control group.The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group (x2 =4.08 and 4.37,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Combination therapy with simvastatin and ezetimibe is more effective and it can significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in metabolic syndrome patients.
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Objective To investigate the protect effects of Edaravone(Ed)and GM1 on the rat model of parkinson disease(PD).Methods To establish the unilateral PD rat model,6-OHDA was injected at two points of right substantial nigra pars compacta(SNC),ventral tegmental area(VTA),then the old rats were randomly divided into normal,NS,PD,PD + GMI,PD + Ed,FD + GM1 + Ed six groups.14d later,a rotational test induced by apomorphine was performed to determine the successful ratio.Cell apoptosis in SNC of rats were examined by TUNEL methods.Results Normal and NS groups unappeared rotate action by APO,and have no cell apoptosis in SNC.The other groups all appear rotate action(＞7 r/min)by APO,rotate action were in following gradation:PD +GM1 + Ed group(8.0±0.3)＜PD + Ed group(12.0±0.6)＜PD + GM1 group(17.0±1.0)＜PD group(23.0±1.3)(P＜0.01);and cell apoptosis in SNC were in following gradation:PD + GM1 + Ed group(27.63±2.38)＜PD + Ed group(38.42±3.54)＜PD + GM1 group(49.36±3.12)＜PD group(62.61±4.03)(P＜0.01).Conclusion 6-OHDA could induce change of action of rat and cell apoptosis in SNC.GM1,Ed reduce significantly the effect induced by 6-OHDA.GM1 combining with Ed have the best effects.
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Objective To evaluate the protective role of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to lactacystin-Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.Methods BMSCs were obtained from adult male SD rats and were expanded, isolated and purified. BMSCs were harvested from 4 to 6 passage and used for transplantation. PD rats that expressed Lewy body and presented lateral rotation were made by injecting 8?g lactacystin into one side of substantia nigra compact part of rat with stereotaxic technique. The rats were transplanted with BMSCs labelled by Brdu by stereotaxic unilateral injection into striatum and transplanted with normal saline as control. The behavior changes of rats and the expression of BDNF, migration, differentiation of BMSCs were examined.Results 71.43% of the rats displayed significant improvement of contralateral behavior after BMSCs transplantation, however there was no change in control group. BMSCs were found in several areas of the brain including striatum, corpus callosum and contralateral cortex. The implanted BMSCs expressed BDNF but no tyrosine hydroxylase.Conclusion BMSCs may play a neuroprotective role in lactacystin-PD rats by secreting BDNF.
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AIM: To explore whether the administration of rhG-CSF improve the neurological function after focal cerebral ischemia and observe the expression of fibronectin. METHODS: Injection of 10 ?g?kg -1?d -1 rhG-CSF for 5 days was given subcutaneously to rats undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological severity scores (NSS) test was performed. The expression of fibronectin and Brdu were observed by immunohistochemistry. To visualize the cellular colocalization of Brdu and fibronectin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and fibronectin, double fluorescent staining were used. RESULTS: ① NSS at 7th day, 14th day and 21th day of groups undergoing MCAO treated with rhG-CSF were 4.00?0.89, 3.83?1.17, 3.50?1.38, respectively. NSS at 7th day, 14th day and 21th day of the control groups undergoing MCAO were 5.50?1.38, 5.83?1.47,5.66?1.63, respectively. NSS of the treated groups were significantly lower than that of the control groups (P